[266] To commemorate the film's 30th anniversary in May 2007, the United States Postal Service issued a set of 15 stamps depicting the characters of the franchise. Lucas would discard many of these by the time the final script was written, but he included several names and places in the final script or its sequels. Despite his later growth in Star Wars mythos, in the first film he's a cold-hearted villain. Padmé Amidala & Obi-Wan Kenobi & Anakin Skywalker & Ahsoka Tano. The lighting approach Taylor devised "allowed George to shoot in almost any direction without extensive relighting, which gave him more freedom. [290], Lucas's original screenplay was selected by the Writers Guild of America as the 68th greatest of all time. '"[78], Lucas described a "used future" concept to the production designers in which all devices, ships, and buildings to do with Tatooine or the Rebels looked aged and dirty,[7][79][80] as opposed to the sleeker designs of the Empire. Their arc pretty much runs its course in A New Hope; they go on a short journey and find their way into the hands of Luke. [7] Ford, who subsequently starred in the Indiana Jones series (1981–present), Blade Runner (1982), and Witness (1985) after working on the film, told the Daily Mirror that Star Wars "boosted my career", and said, "I think the great luck of my career is that I've made these family movies which are introduced to succeeding generations of kids by their families at the time it seems appropriate. [78] For four to five months, in a studio in Kensal Rise, England,[78][82] they attempted to plan the creation of the props and sets with "no money." I doubt that anyone will ever match it, though the imitations must already be on the drawing boards. I discovered that he'd got his inspiration from the works of Edgar Rice Burroughs (author of Tarzan) and especially from his John Carter of Mars series books. Hirsch and Chew worked on two reels simultaneously. Lucas would later deny having ever conceived using extant music for the film. "[227] CinemaScore reported that audiences for Star Wars's 1999 re-release gave the film a "A+" grade. "[99] Lucas also stated that he wanted to move the narrative focus to C-3PO and R2-D2: "At the time, to have the first half-hour of the film be mainly about robots was a bold idea. 22 on its list of the "500 Greatest Movies of All Time";[287] in 2010, the film ranked among the "All-Time 100" list of the greatest films as chosen by Time magazine film critic Richard Schickel;[288] the film was also placed on a similar list created by The New York Times, "The New York Times Guide to the Best 1,000 Movies Ever Made";[289] in 2012, the film was included in Sight & Sound's prestigious decennial critics poll "Critics' Top 250 Films", ranking at 171st on the list, and in their directors poll at 224th. [179] The set was reissued in December 2005 as part of a three-disc limited edition boxed set without the bonus disc. The film was one of the first films to link genres together to invent a new, high-concept genre for filmmakers to build upon. More Star Wars Funko Pop!s have been revealed at the virtual Funko Fair, including Valentine-themed versions of Star Wars characters like Darth Vader. Zito, Stephen (April 1977). [92], After two and a half weeks of filming in Tunisia,[91] production moved to Elstree Studios, near London. It was also the only studio of its kind in Britain or America that could cater for nine large stages at the same time and allow the company complete freedom to use its own personnel. There are three stages in the process of individuation which assigns the archetypes of the myth to certain characters. Released in 1979, the 24-page Star Wars read-along book was accompanied by a 33⅓ rpm 7-inch phonograph record. [43] Frustrated that his story was too difficult to understand,[44] Lucas then began writing a 13-page treatment called The Star Wars on April 17, 1973, which had narrative parallels with Kurosawa's 1958 film The Hidden Fortress. Although Lucas initially provided funds using his earnings from American Graffiti, it was inadequate. However, in this draft, the father is a hero who is still alive at the start of the film. ‘Star Wars’ is a Metaphor for the Vietcong Kicking American Ass in the Vietnam War? The lightsaber sound effect was developed by Burtt as a combination of the hum of idling interlock motors in aged movie projectors and interference caused by a television set on a shieldless microphone. It was discovered that in addition to the negative motion picture stocks commonly used on feature films, Lucas had also used Color Reversal Internegative (CRI) film, a reversal stock subsequently discontinued by Kodak. That was the first story in this genre that I have been able to trace. [78] He found scrap airplane metal "that no one wanted in those days and bought them. I shoot in a very peculiar way, in a documentary style, and it takes a lot of hard editing to make it work. '"[34][35] He secured a two-film development deal with United Artists; the two films were American Graffiti and a space opera, tentatively titled "The Star Wars" and inspired by Flash Gordon. "[78] A total of 30 sets consisting of planets, starships, caves, control rooms, cantinas, and the Death Star corridors were created; all of the nine sound stages at Elstree were used to accommodate them. Door opened, and George walked in with Gary behind him. Williams had worked with Spielberg on the film Jaws, for which he won an Academy Award. And I said, 'Finally somebody's doing it the right way. Later, after Luke finds R2-D2 missing, he is attacked by scavenging Sand People while searching for him, but is rescued by elderly hermit "Old Ben" Kenobi, an acquaintance of Luke's, who reveals that "Obi-Wan" is his true name. [70], Lucas finished writing his script in March 1976, when the crew started filming. Then Conservatives Struck Back", "How 'Star Wars' was secretly George Lucas' Vietnam protest", "The development of Star Wars as Seen Through the Scripts of George Lucas", "The Lost Star Wars Stories: Episodes X-XII", "Obi-Wan Kenobi was originally created to be a Star Wars version of Gandalf", "George Lucas Calls Disney "White Slavers" in Charlie Rose interview", "George Lucas' Galactic Empire – Get ready for Star Wars II, III, IV, V ...", "Turn Any TIME Story Into the Beginning of, "Star Wars Biography: Industrial Light & Magic", "The Den Of Geek interview: Roger Christian", "Gilbert Taylor, BSC is given the spotlight with the ASC's International Achievement Award", "The Death Star Plans ARE in the Main Computer", "Maya apocalypse and Star Wars collide in Guatemalan temple", "Star Wars: The Comic Book That Saved Marvel! [91], Lucas commissioned computer programmer Larry Cuba to create the animated Death Star plans shown at the rebel base on Yavin 4. It's like a poem." It is the first film in the Star Wars original trilogy. The Star Wars Genesis: How the Classic SF Saga Evolved, Star Wars Biography: Industrial Light & Magic. The company had spent half of its budget on four shots that Lucas deemed unacceptable. Although Luke initially declines Obi-Wan's offer to accompany him to Alderaan and learn the ways of the Force, he is left with no choice after discovering that Imperial stormtroopers have killed his aunt and uncle and destroyed their farm in their search for the droids. The droids are captured by Jawa traders, who sell them to moisture farmers Owen and Beru Lars and their nephew Luke Skywalker. [247] The radio drama narrative began with a version of the backstory to the film which relates Princess Leia's acquisition of the secret Death Star plans. It also lacked most special effects; hand-drawn arrows took the place of blaster beams, and when the Millennium Falcon fought TIE fighters, the film cut to footage of World War II dogfights. [45], While impressed with the "innocence of the story, plus the sophistication of the world"[38] of the film, United Artists declined to budget the film. "[217] Stanley Kauffmann, reviewing the film in The New Republic, opined that it "was made for those (particularly males) who carry a portable shrine within them of their adolescence, a chalice of a Self that was Better Then, before the world's affairs or—in any complex way—sex intruded. Krieg der Sterne (englischer Originaltitel: Star Wars) ist ein US-amerikanischer Space-Opera-Film des Drehbuchautors und Regisseurs George Lucas aus dem Jahr 1977.Bei der Oscar-Verleihung 1978 konnte er sechs Auszeichnungen erringen und zählt zu den finanziell erfolgreichsten Kinofilmen aller Zeiten. The script would introduce the concept of a Jedi Master and his son, who trains to be a Jedi under his father's friend; this would ultimately form the basis for the film and, later, the trilogy. George goes "Hmm [looked up]". At one point, the project became so demanding that Lucas was diagnosed with hypertension and exhaustion and was warned to reduce his stress level. [122] Some of the dialogue in The Dam Busters is repeated in the Star Wars climax; Gilbert Taylor also filmed the special effects sequences in The Dam Busters. The 50 Best Minor Characters in Star Wars. The film has been reissued multiple times with Lucas's support—most significantly with its 20th-anniversary theatrical "Special Edition"—incorporating many changes including modified computer-generated effects, altered dialogue, re-edited shots, remixed soundtracks and added scenes. [116] Another source of influence was Lawrence of Arabia (1962), which inspired the film's visual approach, including long-lens desert shots. Before she is captured, Leia hides the plans in the memory of astromech droid R2-D2, who flees in an escape pod to the desert planet Tatooine accompanied by protocol droid C-3PO. [77] Lucas later stated that he had wanted to make it look like outer space. Taylor also said, "I took it upon myself to experiment with photographing the lightsabers and other things onstage before we moved on to our two weeks of location work in Tunisia. Soon as someone comes in through the door, I stand up. [204] The film remained the highest-grossing film of all time until E.T. From Lucasfilm comes the first of the Star Wars standalone films, \"Rogue One: A Star Wars Story,\" an all-new epic adventure. And we spoke and he looked at the set and couldn't believe it wasn't real." '"[47] The crew split into three units, with those units led by Lucas, Kurtz, and production supervisor Robert Watts. It was replaced by The Deep but gradually added screens and returned to number one in its seventh week, building up to $7 million weekends as it entered wide release ($29.5 million in 2019 dollars)[3] and remained number one for the next 15 weeks. Taylor refused to use the soft-focus lenses and gauze Lucas wanted after Fox executives complained about the look. [251] It received positive critical reaction, went to earn over $1 million, and is one of Lucas's favorite Star Wars spoofs. [292] The lack of a commercially available version of the 1977 original theatrical edit of the film since early '80s VHS releases has spawned numerous restorations by disgruntled fans over the years, such as Harmy's Despecialized Edition. Inside the Death Star, Obi-Wan attempts to disable the tractor beam, and Luke persuades Han and Chewbacca to help him rescue Leia after discovering that she is scheduled to be executed. [f][187][188] In December 2016, Rogue One director Gareth Edwards revealed that Lucasfilm had recently completed a 4K restoration of Star Wars, but did not elaborate on whether the restored version was based on the 1977 original or a subsequent re-release. [239], The film also received twelve nominations at the Saturn Awards, winning nine: Best Science Fiction Film, Best Direction and Best Writing for George Lucas, Best Supporting Actor for Alec Guinness, Best Music for John Williams, Best Costume for John Mollo, Best Make-up for Rick Baker and Stuart Freeborn, Best Special Effects for John Dykstra and John Stears, and Outstanding Editing for Paul Hirsch, Marcia Lucas and Richard Chew. [210] At the North American box office, it ranks second behind Gone with the Wind on the inflation-adjusted list. [161] Although most changes are minor or cosmetic in nature, many fans and critics believe that Lucas degraded the film with the additions. To achieve this, he hired the British cinematographer Gilbert Taylor. In addition, the sequence was partially inspired by the climax of the film 633 Squadron (1964), directed by Walter Grauman,[123] in which RAF de Havilland Mosquitos attack a German heavy water plant by flying down a narrow fjord to drop special bombs at a precise point, while avoiding anti-aircraft guns and German fighters. ', [Lucas would] say, 'turn off this light, and turn off that light.' [135][7] At that time Star Wars was playing in 1,096 theaters in the United States. [33] He said, "What finally emerged through the many drafts of the script has obviously been influenced by science-fiction and action-adventure I've read and seen. When adjusted for inflation, Star Wars is the second-highest-grossing film in North America (behind Gone with the Wind) and the fourth-highest-grossing film in the world. [199][200][201] The gross prior to the expansion was $221,280,994. "[31] According to Kurtz, Lew Wasserman, the studio's head, "just didn't think much of science fiction at that time, didn't think it had much of a future then, with that particular audience. His philosophy of "ruling through fear of force", dubbed the Tarkin Doctrine, became central to Imperial policy and … [198], On July 21, 1978 while still in current release in 38 theaters in the U.S., the film expanded into a 1,744 theater national saturation windup of release and set a new U.S. weekend record of $10,202,726. [291] In 1989, the United States Library of Congress named Star Wars among its first selections to the National Film Registry as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant"; at the time, it was the most recent film to be selected and it was the only film from the 1970s to be chosen. Kurtz has said that Lucas "wasn't gregarious, he's very much a loner and very shy, so he didn't like large groups of people, he didn't like working with a large crew, he didn't like working with a lot of actors. Again I am really sorry if there was any spelling errors or anything. Obi-Wan Kenobi & Anakin Skywalker & Ahsoka Tano. Where are the romance, the adventure, and the fun that used to be in practically every movie made? The draft characterized Luke as an only child, with his father already dead, replacing him with a substitute named Ben Kenobi. [146][147], The texts Episode IV and A New Hope were first published on a title page for the film's script in the 1979 book The Art of Star Wars,[b] in what Kaminski calls "outright forgery", remarking that "the script itself wasn't even the authentic revised fourth draft, but more like a transcription of the finished film, edited and combined with the real fourth draft. [91] Additional scenes for Tatooine were filmed at Death Valley in North America. [88] Lucas fell behind schedule in the first week of shooting due to malfunctioning props and electronic breakdowns. "[294] In 2012, the Star Wars action figures were inducted into the National Toy Hall of Fame. Explore all of Wookieepedia's media for this article subject: Wookieepedia is a FANDOM Movies Community. As they reach the planet's orbit, two Star Destroyers try to intercept them, but Han is able to jump to hyperspace by reaching lightspeed. [68] Kaminski, however, points out that all early drafts carry an "Episode One" subtitle, and that even early drafts of the sequel are called "Episode II."[68]. It's very hard when you are hiring people to know if they are going to mesh with you and if you are going to get what you want. Don Henderson and Leslie Schofield appear as Imperial Generals Cassio Tagge and Moradmin Bast, respectively, and Richard LeParmentier plays Admiral Motti. "[231] In a more critical review, Jonathan Rosenbaum of the Chicago Reader stated, "None of these characters has any depth, and they're all treated like the fanciful props and settings. [7]:19, Since commencing his writing process in January 1973, Lucas had done "various rewrites in the evenings after the day's work." "[47] After Disney rejected the project,[46] Lucas and Kurtz persisted in securing a studio to support the film because "other people had read it and said, 'Yeah, it could be a good idea. But there are many useful variants out there to help us understand how writers think of and utilize these archetypes to create the characters that we know and love. [71][72], For the film's opening crawl, Lucas originally wrote a composition consisting of six paragraphs with four sentences each. Mandalorian Season 2 Directors, We Celebrate a Birthday, and More! Learn about Star Wars characters, planets, ships, vehicles, droids, and more in the official Star Wars Databank at StarWars.com. In Italian, the lightsabers are known as "spade laser" ("laser swords", which was their original name). '"[47], Originally, Lucas envisioned the planet of Tatooine, where much of the film would take place, as a jungle planet. The first Star Wars characters fans are introduced to are the iconic droid duo of C-3PO and R2-D2, who are scarcely apart in the trilogy, acting as both loyal friends/sidekicks and as levity for the films. Anyways, until the next chapter! May 4, 2018 … In the United States, France, West Germany, Italy and Japan, parts of or the whole film were released on Super 8. [7] The process of creating the new visual effects for Star Wars was featured in the documentary film, Special Effects: Anything Can Happen, directed by Star Wars sound designer Ben Burtt. [7] The original soundtrack was released as a double LP in 1977 by 20th Century Records. [7][93] Actor Baker later confessed that he thought the film would be a failure. With the project $2 million over budget, Lucas was forced to make numerous artistic compromises to complete Star Wars. [112][113] Lucas believed that the film would portray visually foreign worlds, but that the musical score would give the audience an emotional familiarity; he wanted a grand musical sound for Star Wars. "[215] However, the film was not without its detractors: Pauline Kael of The New Yorker criticized Star Wars, stating that "there's no breather in the picture, no lyricism", and that it had no "emotional grip. Hope you guys enjoyed it! [262] Many elements of the film have also endured presence in popular culture. Lucas had to write around a scene featuring a human Jabba the Hutt, which was scrapped due to not being in focus. A fan of science fiction, he used his contacts to promote the film at the San Diego Comic-Con and elsewhere within science-fiction fandom.[7][48]. Virtually turned to Gary, and said "I think we've found him". The script was adapted by E. Jack Kaplan and Cheryl Gard. [180], The trilogy was re-released on separate two-disc limited edition DVD sets from September 12 to December 31, 2006, and again in a limited edition tin box set on November 4, 2008;[181] the original versions of the films were added as bonus material. The book is told from the perspective of background characters in A New H… [116], Tatooine is similar to the desert planet of Arrakis from Frank Herbert's Dune series. He commented: "Unfortunately it didn't work out. This inspired him to send a film crew to Guatemala in March 1977 to shoot scenes. Gary Kurtz was impressed with Rice's logo and selected it over Perri's design for the film's opening titles, after modifying the letter W to flatten the pointed tips originally designed by Rice. They marched backward through the looking-glass. Consider his first appearance. Star Wars also borrows heavily from another Kurosawa film, Yojimbo (1961). Lucas would later claim he wanted to superimpose a stop-motion creature over the actor - which he did in the 1997 Special Edition with a computer-generated version of Jabba. [128], For the US release in 1977, 20th Century-Fox commissioned a promotional film poster from the advertising agency Smolen, Smith and Connolly. He chose the former because he wanted to play a hero; English actor David Prowse took the other. [7][89] Initially, Fox approved $8 million for the project; Gary Kurtz said: "we proceeded to pick a production plan and do a more final budget with a British art department and look for locations in North Africa, and kind of pulled together some things. Leia's schematics reveal a hidden weakness in the Death Star's thermal exhaust port, which could allow the Rebels to trigger a chain reaction in its main reactor with a precise torpedo strike. [116] In both films, several men threaten the hero, bragging about how wanted they are by the authorities, and have an arm being cut off by a blade; Kuwabatake Sanjuro (played by Toshiro Mifune) is offered "twenty-five ryo now, twenty-five when you complete the mission", whereas Han Solo is offered "Two thousand now, plus fifteen when we reach Alderaan." [205], The release of the Special Edition in 1997 was the highest-grossing reissue of all-time with a gross of $138.3 million, bringing its total gross in the United States and Canada to $460,998,007, reclaiming the all-time number one spot. In 2004, its soundtrack was added to the U.S. National Recording Registry, and was additionally listed by the American Film Institute as the best movie score of all time a year later. "[255] Mel Brooks's Spaceballs, a satirical comic science fiction parody, was released in 1987 to mixed reviews. He realized that it was too long for a single film, and decided to subdivide it into a trilogy. "[226] In 2001 Matt Ford of the BBC awarded the film five out of five stars and wrote, "Star Wars isn't the best film ever made, but it is universally loved. When Lucas went out for lunch with Marcia, they encountered a long line of people along the sidewalks leading to Mann's Chinese Theatre, waiting to see Star Wars. That was about the only instruction he'd give anybody. This version ended with another text crawl, previewing the next story in the series. Lucas and Kurtz, in pitching the film, said that it would be "low-budget, Roger Corman style, and the budget was never going to be more than—well, originally we had proposed about 8 million, it ended up being about 10. [95], While shooting, Lucas rarely spoke to the actors, who believed that he expected too much of them while providing little direction. The Other Side of Midnight was supposed to be the studio's big summer hit, while Lucas's movie was considered the "B track" for theater owners nationwide. [295], The novelization of the film was published as Star Wars: From the Adventures of Luke Skywalker in December 1976, six months before the film was released. He changed Starkiller to an adolescent boy, and he shifted the general into a supporting role as a member of a family of dwarfs. However, he eventually withdrew to work on the Vincente Minnelli-directed A Matter of Time (1976) instead, which "really annoy[ed]" Kurtz. He described the plot as "unpretentious and pleasantly devoid of any 'message. [47] Unsworth was interested in working with the director, and initially accepted the job when it was offered to him by Lucas and Kurtz. [142] Star Wars premiered in the UK on December 27, 1977. [79] Scott, Cameron, and Jackson were influenced by Lucas's concept of the "used future" (where vehicles and culture are obviously dated) and extended the concept for their films, such as Scott's science fiction films Alien (1979) and Blade Runner (1982), Cameron's acclaimed sequel Aliens (1986) and his earlier breakthrough film The Terminator (1984). ILM began its work on Star Wars in a warehouse in Van Nuys. However, since the film is a fairy tale, as he had described, "I still wanted it to have an ethereal quality, yet be well composed and, also, have an alien look." The word for this movie is fun. [138] Moreover, Mark Hamill's car accident left his face visibly scarred, which restricted re-shoots. There are certain traditional aspects of the genre I wanted to keep and help perpetuate in Star Wars. [7][89] Post-production was equally stressful due to increasing pressure from 20th Century-Fox. [27][28] Heavily synthesised audio recordings of John Wayne from earlier films were used as the voice of the Imperial spy Garindan.[29][30]. On a visit to ILM in Van Nuys, Rice was instructed by Lucas to produce a logo that would intimidate the viewer, and he reportedly asked for the logo to appear "very fascist" in style. While filming in Tikal, the crew paid locals with a six pack of beer to watch over the camera equipment for several days. Using a tracking device, the Empire tracks the Falcon to the hidden Rebel base, actually located on Yavin IV. [170][171] The soundtrack was added to the United States National Recording Registry 15 years later (in 2004). Reissues in 1979 ($22,455,262), 1981 ($17,247,363), and 1982 ($17,981,612) brought its cumulative gross in the U.S and Canada to $323 million,[202][203] and extended its global earnings to $530 million. Shakespeare meets Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker, Your Fan Art, and More! After ILM used computer-generated effects for Steven Spielberg's 1993 film Jurassic Park, Lucas decided that digital technology had caught up to his "original vision" for Star Wars. [21], Lucas completed a second draft in January 1975 as ADVENTURES OF THE STARKILLER (episode one) “The Star Wars”, making heavy simplifications and introducing the young hero on a farm as Luke Starkiller. "[77], Taylor said that Lucas, who was consumed by the details of the complicated production, "avoided all meetings and contact with me from day one, so I read the extra-long script many times and made my own decisions as to how I would shoot the picture." "[83] Taylor was aware of the "enormous amount of process work" to follow principal photography and believed "a crisp result would help. [185] The original theatrical versions of the films were not included in the box set. Both of those figures are very low budget by Hollywood standards at the time. [7] Although the film's cultural neutrality helped it to gain international success, Ladd became anxious during the premiere in Japan. Lucas found the experience shocking and rewarding, having never gained any approval from studio executives before. The film opened on a Wednesday in 32 theaters expanding to 43 screens on the Friday and earning $2,556,418 in its first six days to the end of the Memorial Day weekend[193] ($10.8 million in 2019 dollars). George was going right against that. ", "The Force Is Still Strong with John Williams", "The Cinema Behind Star Wars: The Dam Busters", "How accurate was Kubrick's '2001: A Space Odyssey' about the future? Began a New generation of special effects 's deadline requests help from Obi-Wan Kenobi just the right,... `` universal acclaim 2002, `` I thought they were good, eccentrically photographed pictures with a documentary... 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