Those who had time to participate were 12: The USS Baltimore, Boston, Camberra, Quincy, Pittsburgh, St. Paul, Columbus, Chicago, Bremerton, Fall River, Los Angeles and Macon. USS San Francisco in March 1945, the horizontal livery in effect since the end of 1944, of light gray/medium gray/dark blue, Characteristics (in 1941): Displacement: 9,950 t, 12,400 T FL Dimensions: 179,27 x 18,82 x 5,9 m Propulsion: 2 shafts, 4 Westinghouse turbines, 8 B&C boilers, 107,000 hp. - Banning Communism or Fascism should now also remove foreign communist/fascist influence national … Maximum speed: 32.5 knots Shield: Belt 57, turrets 65, bridges 160-50 Weaponry: 9 guns of 203 (3 × 3), 8 of 127, 8 ML 12.7 mm AA, 4 aircraft Crew: 917. Widespread since the Omaha class, either in single, dual (rare) or quad mount. 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As soon as the Bureau of Ordnance perfected the automatic 6in/47 DP gun on which it had been working since 1937, it realised that the same principles could be applied to triple the rate of fire of the 8in gun; detailed weight estimates for twin and triple turrets became available in July, 1943 and a new cruiser to mount these weapons was almost immediately designed and ordered as the next class. US Burke class could be classed as a Guided Missile Cruiser and Zumwalt is even bigger yet both are Destroyers. Their anti-submarine protection was very advanced and their active service was very active and long. -The Mark 12 eliminated hoops to reduce weight to 17 tons. . USS Savannah in Algiers, near a burning Liberty ship, fall 1942. The industrial steamroller so feared by admiral Yamamoto was unleashed in 1942. Speed was just 24 kn (27.6 mph; 44.4 km/h), which was at the time better than most older cruisers. This was the only loss of this class, and only USN cruiser sunk by missiles. These ships had a brilliant career after the war, forming the backbone of the US conventional fleet until 1970. Their hulls were actually twenty years old at that stage. These were fleet escorts to provide cover to the new USN supercarriers, like the nuclear USS Enteprise and previous Kitty Hawk and Forrestal conventional carriers classes. Distribution was also in five triple turrets to achieve the greatest possible firepower. Among their originality, the front mast was much lower, as well as the rear one, lighter and cleared of projectors, relegated to footbridges behind the funnel, for a better stability. The influence of President Roosevelt on their design is often cited. ASW, ASuW, AA and missile strike are all in their arsenal. They also received radar and new targeting and firing controls, while their superstructure was lightened again, reworked but “bunkerized”. It was adopted by the Omaha class AA cruisers, the Cleveland, and Baltimore class cruisers, Alaska, Worcester and Des Moines. Ultimately production delays in the 8in gun and the need to send at least a few 6in DP weapons to sea modified this decision, so that four ships were ordered as 6in/47DP light cruisers: CL144-147, of which only two were ultimately completed. Built lightly, they relied on speed and were part of this generation of what were called tin-clad cruisers, relying on speed as their only protection. They proved in operation that they were a pretty bastard concept, finally, and having no adversaries after their war, expensive maintenance and in any case outclassed by missiles, these dinosaurs had no place in the fleet. This partly explains many theoretical deficiencies leading to the blueprints for these ships, a true novelty in the US Navy. 1938. They received a radar, new fire control systems, and a powerful AAA. This allowed a 5.5 in (130 mm) armour thickness overall on the central cell and belt. The Cleveland class ships were laid down between 1 July 1940 and 20 February 1944 and launched between 1 November 1941 and 22 March 1945. A cruiser from 1880 rarely exceeded 100 meters and was limited to 5000 tons. The hull in particular was retained for all subsequent cruisers, heavy or light. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Superstructures were purely utilitarian, narrow to free more space abreast. The class will comprise nine vessels, including a later sub-class called the St. Louis with improved engine protection. The Cleveland were more Brooklyn than Wichita in concept, which rather inspired the Baltimore. Also it was no longer claimed that the range and firepower of 8-in artillery made any protection superfluous. It was replaced by the much faster Mark 20 Gun Sight after the war. Machine rooms were protected by an extra 3.5-in (90 mm) and the decks by 2.5-in (64 mm). Another peculiarity of these ships was the adoption of a better distributed shielding, and new shells for their 203 mm pieces. USS Juneau in 1942, showing her particular camouflage, Displacement: 6,718 t. standard -8,340 t. Full LoadDimensions: 165 m long, 16.21 m wide, 6.25 m draftMachinery: 2 shaft Westinghouses turbines, 4 B & W boilers, 75,000 hp.Top speed: 32.5 knots Shielding: Max: 90 mmArmament: 16 guns of 127 (8 × 2), 16 of 40 mm AA (4 × 4), 8 of 20 mm, 8 TLT 533 mm (2 × 4), 80 grenades ASMCrew: 623. Displacement: 7050 t, 8950 T FLDimensions: 172 x 16.2 x 7.25 mPropulsion: 2 propellers, 2 Westinghouse turbines, 2 BW boilers, 70,000 hp. The displacement being limited to 6,000 tons was the result of the second treaty of London in 1936 for extra tonnage cruisers. Others are simply the way that navy thinks. The previous generation was made of single mounts: The Pensacola had eight, the next Northampton had just four one them, the Portland eight, like the New Orleans class and USS Wichita as well as the Brooklyn class. BMW R61 . Crew size: 631. The Clevelands had been criticized for their lack of space. This extreme reconversion was completed in 1961-62 and the ships were recommissioned in 1962-64. Until the capitulation of Japan, 124,735 Oerlikon were manufactured in the USA alone. They remained in service between 20 and 25 years, disarmed 1962-66, even 1973 for USS Spokane. Blandy recommended the Oerlikon Mark I, approved on 9 November 1940. Characteristics (in 1941): Displacement: 9,767 t. standard -12 207 t. Full Load Dimensions: 185.42 m long, 18.82 m wide, 6.93 m draft Machines: 4 propellers, 4 Parsons turbines, 8 B & W boilers, 100,000 hp. They occupied some space, and therefor the superstructures of the Cleveland and Baltimore class were modelled AFTER the position of the 40 mm quad mounts were reserved, alternating with the dual 5-in turrets. BMW R35. BMW R4. They were developed fro 1920 into the models Mk 12, Mk 14, Mk 15, Mk 18 on Mountings Mk 13, Mk 16, and Mk 17. This heavy cruiser, derived from the Brooklyn class, shared the hull with its square stern, and was authorized under the Treaty of London, for the fiscal year 1935. USN BuOrd investigated in 1940 to replacing the 0.50″ BMG and W.H.P. A record which was due to the need of mass-producing cruisers to make it for the losses, notably around Guadalcanal on the infamous ‘ironbottom sound’. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. 95300. The whole superstructure was rebuilt, and needless to say, the remaining artillery removed. This is also tricky with language differences. Their tonnage was already 10,260 tonnes standard, so there was no additional armor margin possible within the limitations. At the same time, simplifications in design were made, just like other classes like the Fletcher-class destroyers to reduce the delivery rate. Succeeding to the Pensacola, the Northampton class improved many points. The Mark 16 rate of fire was about 8-10 rounds per minute, improved on the Mark 16DP to 12 rounds per minute. The “tin clad cruisers” period was drawing to an end in Europe, Italy unveiling the Zara class and France the Algérie. On the other hand, anti-aircraft artillery was entrusted to eight 5-in (127 mm), way too slow to deal with modern strafing aviation, alongside eight 2.5 in way too short in range. The others served as AA escorts for the large Task Forces of the Pacific. Like other navies, welding construction technique was adopted to save tons of steels rivets. Indeed, Admiral King argued strongly for their completion on the theory that a homogeneous group of eight such ships would be extremely valuable. The USS Pensacola in March 1945, in support of Okinawa. The US Navy therefore only released itself to study a new standard of conventional heavy cruiser (the term “conventional” designated during the cold war a ship not armed with missiles, but having artillery like main weapon.). [ Go to page: 1... 4, 5, 6] USS Idaho. When the treaty of Washington was ratified by the great naval powers in 1922, the nomenclature of the types was modified and somehow concepts, consecrated. This design work led to the definition of an internal compartmentation with an internal armor extending only around the superstructures and main turrets, called the “immune zone” using the all or nothing scheme already tried on battleships, and inspired from ancient protected cruisers. It was similar to the mark 14 with the exception of an increased rifling twist. USS Indianapolis en 1945, at the time she delivered the atomic bomb, sunk soon after on her way back. Protection was to ensure immunity against the 6in 105lb shell between 9300 and 28,000yds (90° target angle); against 1000lb SAP bombs dropped from any altitude; and against 12in 1000lb AP bombs dropped from below 7500ft. The Baltimores were to resume studies with the USS Wichita and push their advantage in a more massive hull while paying particular attention to protection. USS Brooklyn, Philadelphia, Savanah, Nashville, Phoenix, Boise, Honolulu, St Louis, and Helena. Among these changes, the most notable was the appearance of a new class in its own right, the “Washington Cruiser” which in fact was the typical form of the heavy cruiser, a new category with almost intangible, 10,000 tons – Eight 8-inches (203 mm). They were closely modelled on the Brooklyns but improved in all directions, range, AA … It was proved that her AA did not have sufficient scope. 316. These factors above are all verified in the case of the USN. As the decision to pass to a new class was made in mid-1943, the next cruisers to be ordered were order to ensure that some of the new twin DP 6in/47 mounts were sent to However, he was overruled and later CA140 and 141, which were little advanced, were cancelled. The Alaska class were the great white elephants of the US Navy. In WW2/WW1 they would have been Cruiser classes. Morover their pitch was high due to flush deck hull too short, narrow and overloaded in the front, making these ships ploughing excessively and disturbingly, in heavy weather. The squared stern and rear aviation facilities were inherited from the Brooklyn design. Their large accommodations make them ideal to serve as command ships. JavaScript is disabled. They were by tonnage heavy cruisers, with a displacement of nearly 10,000 tons, but “light cruisers” as armed with fifteen 6-in (152 mm) guns of a new semi-automatic type, twice as fast as 8-in guns. At the end of the 1930s, the concept of “super destroyer” became fashionable. They were still in service in the 1980s, with little change. BT-5 (Bystrochodnij Tankov) Light Fast Tank. The guns of USS St Paul blazing out off the Vietnam coast in 1966. Specifications Displacement: 14,700 long-tons, 17,997 long-tons FL Dimensions: 207 x 21.3 x 7.6m (680 x 70 x 25 ft) Armament: 4 shaft Westinghouse, geared steam turbines 125,000 Horsepower Performances: 33 knots Armament: 6×2 6-in/47 Mk16 DP, 11×2 3-in/50 Mk33, 2 single 3-in/50 Mk34 Armour: belt: 3–5 in, deck: 3.5 in, turrets 2–6.5 in, barbettes: 5 in, CT 4.5 in, Conway’s all the world’s fighting ship 1906-21, 1922-47 and 1947-95 fr.naval-encyclopedia.com/2e-guerre-mondiale/us-navy-2egm.php#crois //www.navsource.org/archives/04idx.htm //www.navy.mil/navydata/nav_legacy.asp?id=136 //www.navy.mil/navydata/nav_legacy.asp?id=137 //www.wearethemighty.com/world-war-ii-cruisers //www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/ship/cl-144.htm //www.microworks.net/pacific/ships/cruisers/baltimore.htm //www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/ship/ca-68.htm //ca-69boston.org/ //www.militaryfactory.com/ships/detail.asp?ship_id=uss-chicago-ca29-cruiser-warship-united-states //www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2017/08/uss-indianapolis-wreckage-found/ //usnhistory.navylive.dodlive.mil/2016/01/12/a-look-at-the-evolution-of-the-u-s-navy-cruiser/ //www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sdut-cruiser-san-diego-the-unbeatable-ship-of-wwii-2010mar18-story.html //www.mathscinotes.com/2018/12/us-cruiser-production-during-ww2/ //uboat.net/allies/warships/types.html?type=Heavy+cruiser //www.warhistoryonline.com/guest-bloggers/the-des-moines-class-cruiser-the-greatest-heavy-cruiser.html Books: US Heavy Cruisers in the World War II part 2: Technology and weapons of world wars – Michael T. Benson //www.nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/second-naval-battle-guadalcanal. Both ships received already counterkeels in 1939 to improve their stability, but in 1942 their superstructures were massively lightened, and the massive tripod masts were removed. Manufacturing was quick and the first mount was was live tested on 8 June 1941, with 379 delivered by 7 December 1941. This cruiser fleet had its moments of glory in 1989 but was largely discarded in 1930. Armor: Turrets 50-60, belt 76, blockhouse and casemate 95-20 mm, bridge 25 mm. A Brooklyn derivative was proposed, with better equipment and space available for its onboard aviation, and superstructures revised to release additional firing arc, and a more modern secondary armament in single DP turrets, a higher freeboard, better stability, and new turrets, more spaced, plus a much better protection, while exceeding the 10,000 tonnes limit. Houston, Northampton and Chicago were sunk around Guadalcanal, USS Chester was badly damaged in never repaired, while the other two survived and left the active lists in 1949. In fact the sub-class Oregon City had comparatively far less of the smaller 20 mm Oerlikon guns: Twenty. Even the Royal Navy, which inherited a large proportion of WW1 era cruisers, could not compete in terms of modern cruisers. They are armed for multiple threat missions. However, speed remaining a priority, their armor was sacrificed, only capable against destroyers shells, and their subdivision, especially for parabolic shells, was insufficient. They were put in reserve since 1961. WRT destroyers I really think pollies have tried to eliminate this classification by coming up with new names to appease their base support. But speed remained very comfortable at 33 knots. Gröner's book "German Warships 1815-1945", Vol 1, pg 67 is a good reference to the subject. Editor's Note: Re-issued by: MPC; Prinz Eugen (DKM CA) [1/1200] (WW2) WL; Series 2, … 13. They also had 40 mm Bofors and Oerlikon since the beginning. The USS Atlanta was laid down on 22 April 1940, followed by three more, and four more of the modified Oakland design. The latter were of a new standard which lasted for ten more years until 1947, through the Cleveland and sub-classes Fargo and later the revolutionary Worcester. You must log in or register to reply here. They have been put in reserve since. The ‘A’ meant ‘armored’. No doubt the “tin class cruisers” of the previous Washington designs, imposed by the tonnage limit forced the office of construction and repair within the Admiralty to review its copy by gaining weight where it was necessary for a better distribution and improve protection. But that implied also a slower speed. On their time, the New Orleans were probably among the world’s most successful heavy cruisers, although protection (as shown by events) was still not optimal. Sat Feb 13, 2021 4:49 am . shell or a 260 pounds (118 kg) H.E. These two ships were heavily engaged in the Pacific. lower on the water and in heavy weather in the North Atlantic, they loaded so much sea water that the sailors used to joke that their machines did not run on oil but with water from the sea. Specifications Displacement: 10,258 t. standard -12,755 t. Full Load Dimensions: 185.9 m long, 20.12 m wide, 6.40 m draft Machines: 4 propellers, 4 Parsons turbines, 8 Yarrow boilers, 107,000 hp. The USS Chicago, Albany and Columbus became CG conversions and Boston and Camberra CAG-1 and 2. These ten vessels came from Todd Dry Dock & Construction Co., Tacoma, Bethlehem Shipbuilding at Fore River Shipyard, Quincy and William Cramp & Sons in Philadelphia to lead destroyer squadrons for the Atlantic and Pacific fleets. But dispersion was considerable at this distance. and 32.5 knots max. They were “light” only in contrast with the Baltimore, as their wartime tonnage reached 12,000 tonnes empty and 14,000 fully load, above Washington limits. As expected, the Cleveland had a little more machine space and integral power supply that made portholes obsolete as source of waterways. So we will focus here on the main caliber of USN Cruisers since the Omaha. FRED BRANYAN Calling all USS Pensacola & USS Salt Lake City fans! So there was definitively a specification profiling for a stable, large hull, to be a stable gun platform, especially to house numerous, faster firing lighter guns. The base design was the New Orleans, but in the end there were many changes. Spacious, larger and heavier than the Northamptons, they were nonetheless also the last of the “tin clad” cruisers. USS Wichita spent most of her career in the Atlantic, escorting convoys with the Royal Navy. Some were completed too late to participate in the war: the USS Manchester, Galveston, Fargo and Huntington, who did not have the opportunity to assert the relevance of their new design in operations. This was impressive in itself, but the system was way more efficient with radar-fuzed “VT” shells and Mk 37 fire control system and by 1943 the improved Mk 12/Mk 22 radar combination. These very large ‘light cruisers’ were designed to mount the twin 6in/47 automatic DP gun originally proposed by the Bureau of Ordnance as early as 1937, and intended for the Cleveland as originally designed, in 1939. Armament: 10 x 152mm guns (2×2, 2×3), 4 x 127mm guns, 8 Mitt. MarketingTracer SEO Dashboard, created for webmasters and agencies. USS Portland (CA33), was very active and deployed during most major naval operations of the Pacific, and several times damaged. But officially referred to as a Cruiser. Pollies here refer to it as the future frigate or CSC. 12.7 mm, 2×4 TLT 533 mm.Crew: 750. Largely in a late-war (1945) programme, which would have added CA150-153, was never approved by the President, leaving, at the end of the war, eight prospective members of the Des Moines class. Realistically virtually all current frigate and destroyer classes in most navies fill the various roles that cruisers did up until WW2, with about the same level of diversification. Indeed the first five ships had no 20 mm Oerlikon either at the start but a set of less popular 1.1-inch/75 (28 mm) quad “Chicago Piano” mounts. I mean the Japanese call their carriers Destroyers. The Mark 35 round exited the barrel at 2,500 ft/s (760 m/s). Their artillery was original, with an arrangement of two double turrets and pieces in barbettes, an unlikely mix that illustrated their transitional nature. 12.7 mm AA, 4 aircraft Crew: 868, USS Wichita and USS Wasp at Scapa Flow by April 1942. They were all named after major Texan cities. In this one, emphasis was put on lighter AA cover, sacrificing two 5-inch/38 mounts for 40 mm Bofors at the start, when it was made available. These were the USN “tin-clad cruisers”. This did dot resolved completely their problem, but having their turrets swapped for example or the superrfiring ones removed seemed not to have been an option. None of these were sunk during the war. A simple comparison makes it possible to get an idea of ​​it: The USS Wichita, when it entered service in February 1939, had 8 pieces of 127 mm and 8 machine guns of 12.7 mm. Initially only four ships were ordered, followed by four others much later, and war broken out in the meantime, and so they come as completely redefined in the 1940s with a new rearmament program in a serie of 11 vessels, later curtailed. shell. These were the old 3″/50 (7.62 cm) Marks 2, 3, 5, 6 and 8 types, and the more modern 3″/23.5 (7.62 cm) Marks 4 and 14 and 3″/23 (7.62 cm) Marks 7, 9, 11 and 13. In 1942, they all received a new open gangway, with lightened superstructure, the CT removed, and portholes largely welded shuts. This was the model fitted on the triple turrets of the USS Brooklyn and the eight other ships of the class. Each weighted ten tons. Wed Feb 10, 2021 8:51 pm. The latter were very lightly built, yet large cruisers, displacing only 3,750 tons standard, armed with just two 5 in (127 mm)/50 caliber Mark 6 guns and an array of 3-in guns, good only for annoying torpedo boats. The Oerlikon AA guns has been designed by Switzerland and intended first to serve as a main French AA light gun. The Albany class remained the largest missile cruiser ever built by the United States, displacing 18,777 tonnes fully loaded versus 16,600 for the Long Beach and even 8,000 tons above the Virginia class nuclear missile cruisers (1974), the weight of the latter and a Leahy class (1961) combined ! This was the perfect deterrent force of its day after all. These modifications were the prototypes of the subsequent Northampton class reconstruction. 1937. 1932. Blueprints were revised between each series and a difference of 600 tons existed between the first and last. 12.7 mm, 2×3 TLT 533 mm, 4 seaplanes. The Cleveland class were placed in reserve in 1946-49 reactivated and modernized in part, discarded in the 1960s or 1970s depending on the level of modernization. The Cleveland-class cruisers formed series of ships which became the most prolific ever for cruisers. Their limited size and the hunting of excess weight made their protection insufficient. Each time these manoeuvers needed to be made a a lower speed than the operation required. The Cleveland class, together with its late sub-class Fargo (1945), was the most numerous cruiser class in recorded history so far. Industrial steamroller so feared by admiral Yamamoto was unleashed in 1942 side TT bank was sacrificed for four additional and! 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