The topside operation can include oil and […] Many engineers and scientists are tasked to develop novel offshore structures or component systems, which are well suited for cost-effective development of marginal oil and gas fields. 3.21. The ultimate reference for selecting, operating and maintaining offshore structures, this book provides a road map for designing structures which will stand up even in the harshest environments. SHIPS AND OFFSHORE STRUCTURES – Offshore Structure Design And Construction – Paul A Frieze ©Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS) Bibliography API RP 2A Recommended Practice of Planning, Designing and Constructing Fixed Offshore Platforms, American Petroleum Institute, Washington. The term “Innovation” is often defined either as “developing a unique solution to overcome a problem” or “developing a unique answer to a specific need”. Bikram Pal Singh – is a professional mariner and blogger. These structures are able to drill at depths beyond 5,000 feet and are more stabilized as compared to the other ultra deep water drilling units. Offshore Engineering is the engineering discipline that deals with the design and construction of structures intended to work in a stationary position in the ocean environment. Floating, Production, Storage and Offloading (FPSO) is also a type of floating system which is used for production and storage of oil/gas at the sea. Take care to avoid dual units as (m/cm or ft/in. Mohamed A. El-Reedy Ph.D., in Marine Structural Design Calculations, 2015. Some flag administrations have developed their own rules. Subsea Production System: As the name suggests, this system is based on the idea where wellheads are mounted on the sea floor after the wells have been drilled by one of the many deep sea drilling platforms. CONCRETE OFFSHORE STRUCTURES The typical offshore concrete structure is gravity based (GBS), which means that it sits on the seabed by its own weight. Especially offshore structures with an accommodation area and the requirement for interior outfitting are presented. Round tubes were good for offshore platforms for two reasons: firstly, as structural members, they were good in compression as they have a very effective and balanced distribution of material across the section that provides stability against elastic buckling. The foundation of TLP’s intricate mooring pattern is kept stationary by piling. It is secured to the ocean floor by a complex network of cables and tendons. Spar Platforms: For drilling wells beyond 10,000 feet, naval architects have designed a type of drilling and production platform which has a hollow cylindrical hull that can descend upto a sea depth of 200 meters. To facilitate the checking process when using software, the joint coordinates are always input and presented using a single set of units (i.e., m or ft.). Offshore structures e.g. This gives the structure its strength as it tapers from the wide bottom sections to the top smaller section. Secondly, round tubes present the same lateral resistance to the waves in the sea from all directions and this resistance is generally lower than would be given by a prismatic shape; associated with this, their bending strength and stiffness is the same in all lateral directions. The majority of offshore structures are used in the Oil and Gas industry. Cuneyt Capanoglu, in Handbook of Offshore Engineering, 2005. Elements of Ocean Engineering by Dr. Ashoke Bhar, Department of Ocean Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. Sembcorp Marine assures customers with our on-time delivery, quality and exemplary HSE standards. The deck or topsides contain the hydrocarbons processing equipment are fabricated in square or rectangular pallets which are welded together and pla… We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads. Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. Offshore Structures: Design, Construction and Maintenance, Second Edition covers all types of offshore structures and platforms employed worldwide. Take a look at how offshore platforms work, including the different varieties and the unique aspects of each which suit different conditions. Spacer between legs and piles. The process of developing a novel structure that meets various offshore field requirements is presented in this chapter together with several examples. By continuing you agree to the use of cookies. The first concrete oil platform has been installed in the North Sea in the Ekofisk field in 1973 by Phillips Petroleum. With the need for clean energy, offshore wind farms were constructed across the world which consists of large number of OWTs. Due to a high stress concentration factor and changes of the structural condition most cracks occure in the weld area. In the Norwegian sector of the North Sea, the Petroleum Safety Authority (PSA) has responsibility for the safety, emergency preparedness and the working environment in the petroleum activities. The platform consists of two parts the jacket and the deck. Any model should generally consist of all primary framing members. Thus, construction methods, material specifications and the acceptable construction tolerances applicable to offshore structures substantially differ from those applicable to onshore structures. Shell’s Preclude- The Largest Floating structure in the world. offshore concept is very broad and therefore, the thesis covers offshore only from the point of view of oil and gas drilling. Offshore Engineering and Technology Day1AM 5 Historical Development of Fixed Offshore Structures Offshore structures should be designed to minimise both the excitation forces and the response of the structure to these excitation forces. The study of dependent variables in developing an offshore structure configuration is not limited to minimising the excitation forces alone. They are special type of complex structures. The boundary conditions should be clearly defined and should reflect the actual support conditions for the structure. These ships range from 50 to 100 metres (160 to 330 ft) in length and accomplish a variety of tasks. Significant advances in engineering over the last 70 years have not only increase… These massive structures are home to some highly improved and advanced systems, machineries and equipments for carrying out the coveted job of offshore drilling. Your email address will not be published. Offshore structure fixed platforms usually have a sliding connection between the structure elements, which should be considered in the modeling. 1. STRUCTURAL DESIGN s Permanent Loads: Weight of the structure in air, including the weight of ballast. 3. Offshore platforms are situated on the continental shelves of 53 countries, making offshore oil and gas production a major global industry (Parente et al., 2006). Different types of offshore structures and the history of their development have already been discussed in detail in Chapter 1. As shown in Figure 4.15, the structure model consists of nodes and members; however, the pile model needs special data in the input file. Conductors are restrained horizontally but not vertically by conductor frames, as shown in Figure 4.17. Primary and secondary steelwork is defined as: Topside primary steel includes all truss members, girders, and horizontal bracing; Jacket primary steel includes legs, diagonal bracing, horizontal bracing, and piles; Topside major secondary steel includes deck plate, grating, deck beams, walkways, stairs, and the crane pedestal; Jacket major secondary steel includes cathodic protection, boat landing, barge bumpers, walkways, appurtenance supports, and mudmats. Your email address will not be published. Abstract: A relatively light-weight offshore structure with design characteristics that allow it to be installed in a water depth up to two hundred fifty (250') feet with a conventional jack-up drilling rig or a small derrick barge. The traditional offshore structure consists of weld steel, tubular framework or jacket to support the topside facilities. Though floating in nature, they are also a type of permanent oil production systems. To facilitate the checking process when using software, the joint coordinates are always entered and presented using a single set of units (i.e., m or ft). Apart from those mentioned above, shuttle tankers are also used in offshore oil production systems. The main purpose of this chapter is to discuss the logical approach in developing a concept for a particular need and a set of prescribed requirements. From a technical point of view the offshore structure platform design and construction is a merger between steel structure design and harbor design, and there are a limited number of faculty engineering areas focusing on offshore structural engineering, such as the design of fixed offshore platforms, whether floating or other types. They are special type of complex structures. One of the more elegant Condeeps is the Draugen platform (Fig. We use your LinkedIn profile and activity data to personalize ads and to show you more relevant ads. Primary and secondary steelwork are defined as. Both offshore and onshore structures are designed to resist functional gravity loads and the site-specific wind and seismic forces. Firstly, the offshore oil and gas field developments are reviewed. They can accommodate the facilities and equipment to drill, extract, and process oil … The development of welding design philosophies for deepwater offshore structures took place over a very short time. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. IEV can offer a study called Marine Growth Sensitivity Study (MGSS) to analyse and quantify the benefits of installing MGP-i on the wave zone of specific structures. They are moored to the sea bed via the tendons fixed vertically to the structure. The weight of the cylindrical hull stabilises the drilling platform and caters for the drilling risers to descend upto the drilling well on the sea floor. If soft soil, the structure may be equipped with skirt piles. 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